Cuatro nuevas especies de estafilínidos de las montañas Dayao en China

En este estudio publicado en la revista de acceso libre ZooKeys los especialistas de la Universidad de Shanghai examinaron material de los géneros paederine Domene y Lathrobium de las Montañas Dayao, al sur de China.

Con una superficie de 249 km2, las montañas Dayao están situadas en el centro de Guangxi, sur de China. El pico más alto es Shan Shengtang a 1.979msnm. Se pueden distinguir dos zonas verticales de vegetación forestal, la zona de bosque en alturas inferiores a 1.300 metros y una zona de bosque y coníferas mezclada a altitudes superiores a 1.300 m.

En este estudio, se lograron identificar ocho especies, tres de ellas anteriormente descritas y cinco no descritas. 

Describen e ilustran cuatro especies nuevas: Domene hei, Lathrobium jinxiuense, L. kuan y L. leii.

Domene hei (A–C) and D. chenae (D–F). A,D habitus B, E head C, F pronotum. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Atrículo original: Four new species and additional records of Domene and Lathrobium from the Dayao Mountains, southern China

Comparative Demography of Three Hawaiian Fruit Flies (Diptera:Tephritidae) at Alternating Temperatures

Comparative Demography of Three Hawaiian Fruit Flies (Diptera:Tephritidae) at Alternating Temperatures
ROGER I. VARGAS, WILLIAM A. WALSH, DALE KANEHISA, JOHN D. STARK, AND
TOSHIYUKI NISHIDA

ABSTRACT
Reproductive and population parameters of melon ßies, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett, oriental fruit ßies, B. dorsalis Hendel, and Mediterranean fruit ßies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were measured in environmental chambers maintained at temperatures of (maximum: minimum) 24:13, 24:24, 29:18, and 35:24 6 18C. Alternating temperature regimes more realistically approached the variation found in nature and produced higher parameters than an optimal constant temperature (248C). Intra- and interspeciÞc comparisons were done with 4 separate generations of wild fruit ßies reared on a common natural host. All species attained their highest intrinsic rates of population increase at 29:18 or 35:248C; C. capitata exhibited the highest intrinsic rates of increase at all temperature regimes. All species attained maximum net reproductive rates at 29:188C, in the order C. capitata.B. dorsalis.B. cucurbitae. The 35:248C regime caused reductions in net reproductive rates of all species, with B. dorsalis affected most strongly. Male longevity was greater than that of females for all species in all temperature regimes. Two distinctly different life history patterns were evident: (1) early reproduction, short life span, and a high intrinsic rate of increase (C. capitata), and (2) later onset of reproduction, longer life span, and a lower intrinsic rate of increase (B. cucurbitae).

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Functional Response and Superparasitism by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Functional Response and Superparasitism by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)
PABLO MONTOYA, PABLO LIEDO, BETTY BENREY, JUAN F. BARRERA, JORGE CANCINO, AND MARTIN ALUJA

ABSTRACT
The functional response and the effect of superparasitism of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) in larvae of Anastrepha ludens (Loew) was determined under laboratory conditions. Adult parasitoids were tested individually and in groups of 5. Third-instar A. ludens larvae were exposed for 3 h to experienced, 5-d-old females at the ratios of 1, 5, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 host larvae per wasp. For individual females, functional response was type III, whereas for females in groups, a type II curve was observed. In the presence of conspeciÞcs, females increased their parasitization activity. Females showed a strong tendency for self-superparasitism (the same female laying .1 egg in the same host) with a range of 38.9Ð57.9% of larvae superparasitized, even when there was no competition and a high availability of host larvae. In the superparasitism experiment, when the parasitoid/host ratio was 1 or greater, larval mortality was consistently high but never exceeded 90%. Successful parasitoid emergence decreased as the parasitoid/host ratio increased.We discuss and question the detrimental effects that have been attributed to superparasitism in solitary endoparasitoids.

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Biología y ecología de Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811), algunos aspectos de estudio

Biología y ecología de Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811), algunos aspectos de estudio

Biology and ecology of Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811), some aspects of study

Enrique Reyes-Novelo, Hugo A. Ruiz-Piña, Javier Escobedo-Ortegón, Mario A. Barrera-Pérez

Resumen
El presente documento tiene como objetivo analizar información publicada sobre Triatoma dimidiata (Latrille, 1811), para proyectar algunas tendencias de investigación a corto plazo sobre los aspectos ecológicos de esta especie hematófaga reconocida entre los vectores de Trypanosoma cruzi, agente causal de la Enfermedad de Chagas, más importantes en México, Centroamérica y norte de Sudamérica. Existe evidencia sólida de que los individuos de T. dimidiata se dispersan de manera estacional desde ambientes silvestres hacía ecotopos domésticos y peridomésticos, lo que genera infestaciones anuales a las viviendas dificultando el control de la transmisión de T. cruzi, sin embargo, aún falta conocimiento que explique dicha dispersión, por tanto y de acuerdo con la literatura revisada, se ve la necesidad de abordar aspectos ecofisiológicos y su relación con la dinámica ecológica espacial y temporal en poblaciones silvestres, principalmente aquellos que influyen sobre el patrón estacional y reproductivo de sus poblaciones.


ABSTRACT
The present document has the objective to analyze published information on Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811), to project some short term research tendencies on the ecology of this haematophagous species identified as one of the main vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, Chagas disease causal agent, in Mexico, Central America, and north of South America. There is solid evidence about adult T. dimidiata seasonal dispersion from sylvan areas to domestic and peridomestic ecotopes. This provide annual premise infestation, making the control of T. cruzi transmission difficult, nevertheless, there is still lack of knowledge on the dispersion causes, therefore and according with the revised literature, it shows up the need for research attendance of eco-physiological aspects and its relationship with spatial and temporal ecological dynamics of sylvan populations, mainly those that lead seasonal and reproductive population patterns.

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Distribution of the Iowan Brood of Periodical Cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.) in Illinois MICHAEL D. IRWIN AND JOSEPH R. COELHO

Distribution of the Iowan Brood of Periodical Cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.) in Illinois
MICHAEL D. IRWIN AND JOSEPH R. COELHO

ABSTRACT
The distribution of the Iowan Brood of periodical cicadas in Illinois was determined in 1997 using a global positioning system receiver and mapping software. The area contained within the distribution derived from this survey was approximately twice the area bounded by a range map published in 1975. Periodical cicadas were found in many areas not included in the earlier range map, and were absent from several areas that had been included. Periodical cicadas were patchily distributed within the boundary, being most abundant in stream woodlands and protected areas and least abundant in agricultural and urban areas. Periodical cicadas were primarily found in a soil type associated with stream woodlands, and appeared to follow forests along waterways, but it is possible that these areas serve as refugia from human activity rather than preferred habitats.

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NOTES ON THE ECOLOGY OF CYCLOCOSMIA TRUNCATA (ARANEAE, CTENIZIDAE) IN GEORGI A

NOTES ON THE ECOLOGY OF CYCLOCOSMIA TRUNCATA (ARANEAE, CTENIZIDAE) IN GEORGI A
R. Howard Hunt

ABSTRACT
From 23 September 1973 to 22 September 1974 nine specimens (five males, two females, two immatures) and five burrows of Cyclocosmia truncata were examined from the Johnson Crook area o f Lookout Mountain, Dade County, Georgia . Adult males wandered from 22 August to 2 October . Male and female specimens maintained burrows with silk-leaf trapdoors but sealed the entrances during molting periods, making field detection difficult .

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The Economic Value of Ecological Services Provided by Insects

The Economic Value of Ecological Services Provided by Insects
JOHN E. LOSEY AND MACE VAUGHAN

In this article we focus on the vital ecological services provided by insects. We restrict our focus to services provided by “wild” insects; we do not include services from domesticated or mass-reared insect species. The four insect services for which we provide value estimates—dung burial, pest control, pollination, and wildlife nutrition—were chosen not because of their importance but because of the availability of data and an algorithm for their estimation. We base our estimations of the value of each service on projections of losses that would accrue if insects were not functioning at their current level.We estimate the annual value of these ecological services provided in the United States to be at least $57 billion, an amount that justifies greater investment in the conservation of these services.

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Ecological studies on aquatic insects.

Ecological studies on aquatic insects.
G. S. Dodds & F. L. Hisaw

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